Physics
Boundary ConditionsWall Boundaries / Moving Boundaries
Both particle and polygon walls can be selected as wall boundaries. Polygon walls are effective in reducing memory usage and speeding up calculations. It is also possible to reproduce complex movements of walls (objects) by using the motion setting function. Inflow Boundaries Inflow boundaries allows for the generation of fluid or powder over time. The flow can be specified by its velocity or flow rate (volume). Inflows are movable. Moving / Periodic Boundaries The mesh-free method allows the simulation region to be moved. This saves computational resources when simulating a large region, such as a waterway driving test. Periodic boundaries are also supported. ViscosityNewtonian / Non-Newtonian Fluids
Particleworks can simulate non-Newtonian fluids such as power-law or Bingham fluid as well as Newtonian fluids. For more detailed control over viscosity, you can specify custom functions or data tables. High-Viscosity Fluids When simulating high-viscosity fluids, the explicit method tends to give a smaller time step, resulting in a longer calculation. In contrast, Particleworks’ implicit method maintains a constant time step, making it an ideal solution for such simulations. PressureImplicit / Explicit Methods
The explicit method speeds up calculation by giving a suitable speed of sound. Suppression of Pressure Oscillation Spatial pressure oscillation can be suppressed using this function, resulting in higher accuracy. |
Surface TensionParticleworks offers two models: The CSF model calculates surface tension from the geometric shape of the object, whereas the Potential model uses interfacial energy between objects.
You can set contact angles between two different states of matter, such as wall-fluid and fluid-fluid. Multiple non-mixable fluids can be simulated, such as oil and water. |
User function definition of heat transfer coefficientAs a user function, you can define a formula for calculating the heat transfer coefficient according to the flow field.
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